Blog | SparkFabrik

Security and compliance with Drupal CMS: guide for regulated sectors

Written by SparkFabrik Team | Apr 22, 2025 3:21:07 PM

The current regulatory landscape presents increasingly complex challenges for organizations operating in regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, and public administration. With the entry into force of stringent regulations like NIS2 and DORA in Europe, choosing the technological platform on which to build your digital presence becomes a decision that is both technical and strategic from a compliance perspective.

In this fourth part of our series on Drupal CMS, we will examine how the platform responds to security and regulatory compliance needs, offering an enterprise-grade solution capable of meeting the most stringent requirements without compromising flexibility and time-to-market.

The current regulatory framework: a growing challenge

Regulations related to cybersecurity and data protection have multiplied in recent years, posing significant challenges for organizations of all sizes, particularly those operating in regulated sectors.

GDPR and personal data protection

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) establishes the standard for digital privacy in Europe. For content management platforms, this translates into specific requirements such as:

  • Obligation to obtain and manage explicit user consent
  • Implementation of mechanisms for exercising data subject rights (access, rectification, deletion)
  • Recording of processing activities
  • Adoption of both technical and organizational measures to ensure data security

Drupal CMS natively offers several features that facilitate GDPR compliance, including specific modules for consent management (from cookies to registration forms), tools for data anonymization, and advanced systems for logging processing activities.

NIS2: the new frontier of European cybersecurity

The European NIS2 (Network and Information Systems) directive significantly expands the scope of the previous version of the regulation, including many more organizations and sectors, but also providing for greater requirements.

Among the key requirements of NIS2 that influence the choice of digital platform we find:

  • Implementation of digital risk management measures
  • Obligation to report security incidents (prompt notification and final complete report)
  • Security requirements for the supply chain
  • Patch management and vulnerability management policies

Drupal CMS, with its robust security model, as well as the structured vulnerability management process, represents a solid foundation for building systems compliant with NIS2. The Drupal Security Team, recognized globally, ensures a rapid response to discovered vulnerabilities, with a transparent security advisory process that facilitates patch management. In short, a true open-source and secure-by-design excellence.

DORA: digital operational resilience for the financial sector

The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), part of the EU's digital finance package, complements NIS2 and introduces specific requirements for digital operational resilience in the financial sector, with significant consequences for the technological choices of the institutions involved.

DORA requires financial institutions to:

  • Implement ICT risk management frameworks
  • Conduct digital resilience tests to ensure operational continuity
  • Manage risks related to ICT third parties, including ICT suppliers
  • Implement incident monitoring and reporting systems

Drupal CMS's modular architecture, scalability, and high availability capabilities make it particularly suitable for meeting the operational resilience requirements of DORA. Moreover, the possibility of implementing redundant environments and advanced disaster recovery strategies supports the operational continuity required by the regulation.

The security architecture of Drupal CMS

Drupal CMS stands out in the Content Management Systems landscape for its "security by design" approach and for implementing security best practices at all levels of the architecture.

Security by design: an approach founded on security

The Drupal core is developed following the "secure by default" principle, with a rigorous code review process involving the Security Team, a group of experts dedicated to the platform's security. This approach has led to a significantly superior security track record compared to many alternative platforms.

Drupal's vulnerability management process is particularly structured and transparent:

  • Vulnerabilities are managed through a private channel
  • The Security Team coordinates the development and testing of patches
  • Security advisories are published according to a pre-established calendar
  • Support is provided for LTS (Long Term Support) versions

This approach ensures that organizations can keep their systems secure through a predictable update process, which is fundamental for compliance with regulations such as NIS2.

Advanced authentication and authorization management

Drupal CMS excels in granular role and permission management. This allows implementing the principle of least privilege required by numerous security regulations:

  • Customizable role system with specific permissions
  • Ability to limit access to content and functionality based on role
  • Support for multi-factor authentication
  • Integration with Single Sign-On systems (SAML, OAuth)
  • Advanced session management with protection against session hijacking

These features allow implementing rigorous access controls, fundamental for sensitive and highly regulated sectors such as finance and healthcare, where segregation of duties and protection of sensitive data are essential regulatory requirements.

Data protection and encryption

The protection of data, both "at rest" and "in transit," is a fundamental requirement of European regulation. Drupal CMS offers several native features to ensure data security:

  • Support for HTTPS/TLS connections
  • Secure password hashing
  • APIs for encrypting sensitive data
  • Tools for anonymization and pseudonymization
  • Configurable data retention features

Through additional modules and appropriate configurations, it is possible to implement further protection measures such as field-level encryption for particularly sensitive data or advanced data governance mechanisms.

Implementing Drupal CMS in secure cloud environments

The migration to the cloud represents an irreversible trend, but brings with it specific challenges in terms of compliance and security, especially for sectors subject to stringent regulations.

Cloud compliance and certifications

The approach to cloud security must consider the shared responsibility model, where the cloud provider and customer have distinct but complementary responsibilities. For Drupal CMS implementations in secure cloud environments, it is essential to:

  • Choose providers with certifications (ISO27001, SOC 2, etc.)
  • Verify the provider's compliance with specific sectoral regulations
  • Implement supplementary security controls to cover customer responsibilities
  • Document the responsibility model for audits and verifications

As an organization undergoing ISO27001 certification, SparkFabrik adopts a rigorous approach to cloud security, implementing technical and organizational best practices that ensure the protection of Drupal CMS environments even on third-party infrastructures.

DevSecOps: security integrated into the development cycle

Integrating security into all phases of the development cycle is fundamental to building secure systems by design. For Drupal CMS implementations, this translates into:

  • Automated vulnerability scanning in code
  • Dependency scanning to identify vulnerable components
  • Infrastructure as Code with integrated security controls
  • CI/CD pipeline with advanced, automatic, and manual security controls
  • Regular penetration testing

This DevSecOps approach not only improves the overall security posture but also supports compliance with regulatory requirements such as those of NIS2 related to supply-chain security and vulnerability management.

Update strategies and patch management

Timely management of security updates is an explicit requirement of numerous regulations, including NIS2 and DORA. For Drupal CMS, it is essential to implement:

  • Automated processes for monitoring security advisories
  • Staging environments to test updates before deployment to production
  • Rollback procedures in case of problems
  • Detailed documentation of applied updates

An experienced partner like SparkFabrik can provide support in defining and implementing patch management strategies compliant with regulatory requirements, ensuring that security updates are applied promptly and securely.

Drupal CMS features for regulatory compliance

In addition to its robust and secure-by-design architecture, Drupal CMS offers specific features that support compliance with various regulations.

Audit trail and activity tracking

The ability to track and document activities is a fundamental compliance requirement in strategic and regulated sectors. Drupal CMS offers:

  • Detailed logging of administrative actions
  • Tracking of content changes, with versioning
  • Log of accesses and access attempts
  • Possibility to integrate logs with central SIEM systems

These features support specific requirements of regulations such as DORA (incident reporting), but also various other sectoral regulations that require complete audit trails.

Consent management and privacy by design

For GDPR compliance, Drupal CMS offers advanced tools for:

  • Collecting and managing user consent
  • Implementing compliant cookie banners
  • Configurable opt-in/opt-out features
  • Mechanisms for exercising data subject rights

These features can be customized to respond to specific requirements of different sectors and jurisdictions (not only for the EU but also other geographical areas subject to different regulations), ensuring that the collection and processing of personal data take place in compliance with applicable regulations.

Data classification and governance

Data management according to classification and governance principles is particularly important for sectors such as finance and healthcare. Drupal CMS supports:

  • Tagging and classification of content by sensitivity level
  • Configurable workflows based on classification
  • Automated retention policies
  • Access controls based on classification

These features allow implementing solid data governance frameworks, fundamental for compliance with specific sectoral regulations.

Case studies: Drupal CMS in regulated sectors

The effectiveness of Drupal CMS in regulated contexts is demonstrated by numerous successful implementations. Here are two case studies by SparkFabrik!

Financial sector: CNP Vita

The CNP Vita digital platform represents a concrete example of Drupal CMS implementation compliant with the requirements of the insurance and financial sector.

The implemented solution allowed to:

  • Ensure compliance with GDPR and insurance regulations
  • Implement multi-level approved workflows for content
  • Ensure complete traceability of changes
  • Securely integrate sensitive backend systems

The adopted architecture already anticipates many of DORA's requirements, with particular attention to operational resilience and secure management of third-party integrations.

Public Administration: Fisco Oggi

The Fisco Oggi platform demonstrates how Drupal CMS can meet the rigorous security and accessibility requirements of Public Administration.

The project addressed specific challenges such as:

  • Compliance with AgID guidelines for digital PA
  • Implementation of advanced security measures to protect sensitive information
  • Ensuring high accessibility standards
  • Preventing targeted attacks against institutional portals

The implementation already satisfies many of the NIS2 requirements for essential entities, with a resilient architecture and proactive security measures.

Best practices for secure and compliant implementations

Based on our experience in projects for regulated sectors, we can identify some fundamental best practices for secure and compliant Drupal CMS implementations.

Risk assessment and security assessment

Before any implementation, in any sector but especially in those that are heavily regulated, it is essential to:

  • Conduct a formal risk assessment
  • Identify specific applicable regulatory requirements
  • Perform threat modeling to identify potential vulnerabilities
  • Define security controls proportionate to the risk

This methodological approach, with detailed initial analysis, ensures that security is considered from the early stages of the project, in line with the principles of security by design required by regulations such as NIS2.

Thorough security testing

To ensure that the implementation meets the defined security requirements, a structured security testing program is essential:

  • Periodic vulnerability assessments
  • Penetration testing by independent teams
  • Code security review before each significant release
  • Automated tests integrated into the CI/CD pipeline

These tests not only improve the overall security posture but also generate valuable documentation to demonstrate compliance during audits and verifications.

Compliance-oriented documentation

Comprehensive and updated documentation is fundamental to demonstrate regulatory compliance:

  • Formal security policies and procedures
  • Architecture documentation with focus on security controls
  • Records of processing activities (for GDPR)
  • Results of security assessments and related corrective actions

Investing in adequate documentation from the beginning of the project significantly facilitates the audit and compliance verification processes.

The added value of an ISO27001 certified partner

Given the increasing regulatory complexity, choosing a partner with solid expertise in security and compliance is not just a technical matter, but a true strategic lever. Furthermore, it is clearly fundamental for the success of any project in heavily regulated contexts. This is where SparkFabrik's approach comes into play.

As a company undergoing (and soon completing) the ISO 27001 certification, SparkFabrik adopts structured security management throughout the entire project lifecycle. We operate with a formalized management system, inspired by international best practices, and supported by a coherent set of controls and processes.

Continuous team training on security topics is not optional, but a pillar. To this are added periodic assessments that feed constant improvement.

The experience gained in managing complex regulatory requirements and in preparing documentation for audits allows SparkFabrik to move with confidence even in the most rigorous contexts.

The ability to translate regulatory requirements into concrete technical features and controls allows reducing risks and speeding up timelines. This approach translates into more secure projects, shorter delivery times, and smoother compliance management, even during verification and control phases.

The result? Solutions based on Drupal CMS that not only respond to functional needs but integrate security and compliance criteria from the outset, as an integral part of the design architecture. Working with a partner who knows the rules of the game is not a marginal advantage, but an efficiency multiplier.

Conclusions

The regulatory context is complex (and will be increasingly so). The entry into force of regulations such as NIS2 and DORA (and other sector-specific regulations) makes the choice of technological platform truly strategic (as well as the choice of implementation partner).

Drupal CMS, with its robust security architecture, advanced features for compliance, and active community in security management, represents a top-level solution for building digital platforms that are both performant and secure and compliant. When implemented according to security best practices and supported by a certified partner like SparkFabrik, it offers an optimal balance between control, flexibility, and compliance.

For organizations in regulated sectors facing security and regulatory compliance challenges, Drupal CMS represents not just a technological solution, but a true strategic asset to confidently navigate the complex current and future regulatory landscape.

Next steps

If your organization operates in a regulated sector and is considering adopting Drupal CMS, we invite you to:

  1. Explore our SparkFabrik Drupal Service Suite with particular attention to security and compliance aspects
  2. Request specific consultation on the regulatory needs of your sector
  3. Consider requesting a security assessment of your current infrastructure

This article is part of our series dedicated to Drupal CMS. To explore other aspects of the platform, we invite you to consult our previous articles on features and advantages, comparison with alternatives, and migration strategies.